Posts tagged Regional

Introductioná Â Â Â Â

especially developing countries like Nigeria face enormous challenges of urban planning problems, which in turn on economic development. The growth of cities, for example, has a number of effects on the environment and human welfare. Besides the lack of influence, almost all major cities are increasingly plagued by environmental problems. In other words, there is a greater threat to the health and safety in most Nigerian cities (Egunjobi, 2000 and Kessides, 2006) with permission of the unguided urbanization and ineffective planning (Mabogunje, 2001; Ogunsanya, Egunjobi 2002 and 2000). There are different schools of thoughts and ideas about the causal factors, and government attempts to alleviate the situation to tame. One such factor is the overlap of professional practice, the major influence on the functionality of our environment and society in general. For example in Nigeria, the overlap of professional practice by itself is not the only factor that the actual functionality of the company.

This paper argues that although overlapping connection could be a problem in most developing countries, lack of sufficient attention as career planning, and the actions of the charlatans have greatly contributed to the worsening problems in the cities. In particular, the wife of paper stresses on professionalism and the responsibility of planning on different segments of society, as the need for planners of competence through continuous training and retraining programs, such as seminars, highlights, workshops and returning courses.It enough to the question who is a professional make urban and regional planner? What are their responsibilities for sustainable livelihoods and development of a nation? The underlying motivations of this work refers to the dynamic nature of professionalism as a concept and the essence of qualified practitioners in our society. This is more relevant that the technological revolution impact on the various facets of human activity. In addition, the geographic zones, the practice of urban and regional planning from nation to nation has a different effect.

is on this premise with the paper on the growing scientific literature discusses a professional Urban and Regional Planner is planning to contribute in the Nigerian context.

A professional Urban and Regional Research Planner

Professionalism is an inclusive term for a variety of activities in various fields of study. Oni (2007), supports this point strongly that the occupation would be a certain level of knowledge and expertise expanded. Sun Educational Planning is a systematic process to develop the knowledge, skills and other capacities in the individual. It includes training and retraining in pursuit of a university by the Ministry of Education and Registration Board of Nigeria Planners (TOPREC) approved. In particular, a professional planner is here as a person who has acquired a mastery or control in planning and related areas of knowledge and skills and to support effective, local authorities to mitigate the social, economic and environmental Bounding identified by the paths of roads , schools and determining the location of other infrastructure and zoning recommendations for private property in the village. The Nigerian Institute of Planners views of a professional planner as a person that one has the following academic and professional qualifications: (i) holds a degree in urban planning and land / city, (ii) professional degree in Urban and Regional Planning and Urban Development ( iii) A pass in the final phase of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planner / Urban experience.It Council Registration Examination (iv) completion of 2 years after qualification, supervision is to be noted that courses listed to obtain the qualification (i) and (ii) any institution are recognized, and is accredited by the Council of Planning Application (TOPREC) (PNFE, 1991). It can be concluded from the above that, a master of planning accredited institution offers the best training for a wide range of planning posts

but is intended to provide a varying degree in urban planning and regional planners Notable institutions;.

(i) The understanding of the forces and processes that shape cities, regions and the built environment and natural

(ii) To a breast with the physical, economic, social and environment that strongly influence the exercise of the profession;

question (iii) The knowledge and confidence and, where appropriate, challenge the wisdom of the current planning and creativity to develop alternative proposals and planning,

(iv) To generate planner in respect and commitment essential for effective consultation and interdisciplinary collaboration to the practice of planning.

In particular, planners, professionals must be able to think in terms of spatial relationships and visualize the impact of their plans and projects. They must also be flexible enough to accommodate different views and constructive recommendations. Professional planners should however be able to communicate effectively, both orally and in writing, if necessary and can never be revealed, which in City and Regional Planning profession.Agbola interested et al (2004) are perceived as planning of intentional action. In other words, it is to make decisions or take appropriate action before the hand affect the course of action on a particular need of development. They went further by stating that to do the planning, appropriate selection from among several options that seem accepted open for future review and government concern about how to provide resources to implement the solution. This definition, one of several views (Oyesiku, 1998; Adeniji, Egunjobi, 2001) Planning, view planning intentional or see

(i) a general strategy for making decision

(iii) An activity with many variants

(iv) The choice of an alternative one to the other should ever planned to issue on historical experience, current situation and resources (personnel and material), see this time-based and / or be available when setting work (Agbola et al, 2004 and Agbola, 2007).

It should be noted that serve the primary responsibility of the Professional Planner, the public interest. But the definition of public interest is formulated through continuous debate, a planner owes allegiance to a concept of consciousness reaches the public interest, the specific duties required. In reality, the public interest refers to the common good of society as a whole. It is also “common good” or general “welfare state”. Accordingly, the public interest in the center of political debate and professional practice. Thus planners responsible for the valuable customers and public employers, professionals and colleagues and personal responsibility route planner. For effective practice requires the use of planners theories and techniques of planning (Agola, 2001 and Ayeni, 1998), the debate and informed. Structures to facilitate communication and promote understanding Interestingly, to expect planners:

(i) the practice in a way, the variety of needs, values and aspirations of the public respects and encourages debate on the issues

(ii) any information, clear and accurate information on planning issues for policy makers and the public,

(iii) recognize the interdependence of planning decisions and their consequences for the individual, the natural and built environment and the general public interest, and

A (iv) identify and promote opportunities for meaningful participation in planning for all interested parties. In addition to responsibilities of the planner told the audience, vitality and credibility of the planning profession and the Institute are a reflection of the quality of the composition. To promote the professional members to achieve and maintain a high level of competence and conduct, extending its relationship with other members.They should also encourage healthy and constructive criticism of the theory and practice of planning among colleagues and share the results of the experiences and research results that contribute to the development of body knowledge.Moreso planning, maintaining complete awareness of good contemporary design philosophy, theory and practice on request and a training during the career planning. a lot of discussion in developing countries, especially around Nigeria today, the relationship between this part of the company in the development of plans for long-and short-term use involved land and the growth and revitalization of urban, suburban and rural area in which they and are the world of work

The discussion has tried to focus on issues such as;. the increase of the collapse of buildings in cities, rapid urbanization and population growth, a major challenge for state and municipalities for infrastructure and services provision.The scale and complexity of the facts mentioned above are creating environments in Nigeria. the collapse of buildings, traffic jams and accidents, unemployment, urban violence and crime and a host of other problems in the Nigerian cities. But they have drama episodes on the social fabric of cities, threatening the reform process and erode the ability of the poor to build assets and participate in urban development. They also create stigma surfaces and causes a loss of investment and uncontrollable spontaneous reactions such as gangs and lynchings. Government at all levels not sufficient to meet these challenges. In other words, planners and other related disciplines play an important role in achieving the sustainable development of play. To remedy this situation, professional planners and policy makers in Nigeria have been denied, provide adequate resources to meet the economic and social progress.To facilitate face these difficult tasks, aspiring planners need to develop skills in a variety of areas. In fact, it was argued that the requirement of the ethics of responsible, in particular (Hepworth et al, 1986) to exercise. The logic behind this assertion is unconvincing. because the stakes are high for consumers of professional planners, it is important that the “charlatans” planner planning and competent professional to reveal the term jurisdiction may simply be seen as “fitting, suitable for this purpose sufficiently.. sufficiently serious legal capacity and qualifications (Oxford Dictionary, 2000) assess the technical competence in practice the knowledge, values, skills and attitudes include important to fulfill the professional role of a traditional way (Hepworth et al, 1986). It should be impressed with a professional planner can competently in the provision certain services or certain tasks or duties, and not in other components of competent practice. put in a different sense in different professional fields in a constant state of flux due to the expansion of knowledge, new skills and changing demands of practice. Hence, the jurisdiction be considered in a temporal context, based on the fact that a professional planner to achieve competence at a particular time, as erosion continues to suffer from this power failed date with the most knowledge and keep the expansion skills.Interestingly planning, urban and regional planners one or more fields of focus. are the most common community development and redevelopment and land use or the execution of code. specialize While planners in areas such as transportation planning or urban development, they are also required to keep the bigger picture in mind and do the what is best for the community whole. To make informed decisions and implement interventions to selected requires a thorough knowledge sent theory and practice many techniques and a rigorous approach to select those best suited for a particular client are. systematic eclecticism, as proposed Beutler (1983), Fisher (1978); Siporin, (1979) and Thorne (1973), is a strict practice simply a systematic eclectic practitioner is liable only to a single theory, but instead selected models and theories, the most of a problem situation and represents the highest priority. techniques that have been empirically demonstrated to be effective and efficient. systematic eclecticism is more demanding and requires planners to date on new theories and research results to hold.

Most importantly, this approach to professional practice considers the wider perspective, as from a wide range of clients and issues. It can therefore rightly said, knowledge is a perishable commodity and over time will become obsolete. how it must once again re-learned again at any time. renewal of skills through formal training is inevitable. In response to the dynamic and increasingly complex political environment, economic, social and technological environment in which it is planning or practice, the need to keep up professional development was highlighted.

contributing to sustainable Development

sustainability a key word for debate and action in many cases because there is a widespread feeling that the country in the world is precarious (Mannion, 1991) reflect seems. On one side we see around us evidence of the progressive deal with deforestation, the increasing use of waste, land use mix and used the externalities of the incessant movement that we are not prepared. The concept is far from the definition of the World Bank Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) introduced in its report “Our Common Future “(1987) accepted. According to the report requires the achievement of sustainable development of economic and social judges with special emphasis on the needs of the poor. The concept of sustainable development is an integral part of the discourse on international development cooperation in over two decades . It is to contemporary discourses on urban development, especially after the Habitat II Conference in Istanbul (1996) associated with. This study focuses the investigation into the discourse of the founding concept in particular the concept of sustainable development, as the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) defined. as Brundtland Commission called) The nature and ambiguity of the term in question (Barraclough, 2001) were not the subject of this article is rather the focus on content analysis of social development and sustainable opportunities for professional planners operationalized to include

The concept of sustainable development in accordance with Sumalee, et al,.. (2008) gradually became the center of attention in urban planning in recent years This can be the wave of concern about the intensification of urban problems in most cities are returned. The Brundtland report defines sustainable development as development that meets present needs are met without compromising that of satisfying future generations to meet their needs, the concept of the rule around the three dimensions of Agenda 21 (Rio 1992) introduced built: ecological, economic and social (and cultural) dimensions that the conservation of global environment objective (Elliot, 1998; Vurtimo, 1994) Meanwhile, the driving force of the traditional practice of planning was mainly for economic development.. limited without a comprehensive review of social and environmental aspects limit. Therefore, the results of urban and regional planning is not in a position, the nature or tendency of the reorganization of urban problems in most Nigerian cities. It was also found that lifestyle and practice of urban development familiar developing countries is not sufficiently durable (Kuvaja, 2007), Kessides, 2006). This means that education planning, where the heavy load was not only produce professional planners, but also to make certain that the sustainable livelihoods will of the people. It also means that every planner should play its part in the development of society. Thus, the vision of sustainable development as already Satter Waite (1999b) is of great value to this product. It illustrates the fact that sustainable development to meet “human needs in institutions of all sizes without depleting environmental capital. This means, according to the institutional and legal framework to guarantee the democratic authorities and municipal councils, that the needs of the people addressed within their boundaries while reducing the cost and transfer of environment-other people and ecosystems, or in the future. “Here, sustainable development refers primarily to the laws and implementing strategies for sustainable development while maintaining the process of government and municipal authorities in the middle (Hardoy, et al, 2007). It is sad to note that despite the importance and frequent debates on the need for sustainable livelihoods in our society, the environment in Nigeria in particular cities are in a state of disorder (Egunjobi, 1999, 2001). It has expanded a phenomenal growth in urbanization, what our major cities and is growing in an unplanned way (Aluko, 2000) been there. also stressed that void the central or core areas of most Nigerian cities, while sections are more slums. He also noted that despite the existence of local planning authorities, whose duties include the supervision of development of urban land use, protection of ecologically sensitive areas, many buildings were built and it does not approve layout. Compounding and worrying problem, or is the incessant collapse of buildings in notable cities in Nigeria (Abuja, Lagos, Ibadan and Port Harcourt). collapse of buildings has a recurring decimal, which was the decimation of life

been out since the incidence of pathos, had a question on the lips of many Nigerians. “Therefore, a certain degree of control of the building failed to ensure that building standards on a stage had stopped? There was also question of who has completed the construction of the building and monitoring their implementation in the first instance? These questions were often laid to rest, but in professional practice, especially in urban and regional planning, they are disturbing circumstances that effectively must be when the concept or goal of sustainable development must be carried out planners to using different tools and techniques be equipped to manage the development. still a large number of charges are still pending against planners often turn to abuse. and insults. For example, once governor of Oyo State, Alh. Lam Adesina (1999) states that “the city in the state were planning nothing planned, except in the event of a disaster for the people. Your professionalism sacrificed on the altar of money, were all areas of potential catastrophe in Ibadan for the construction of houses and other structures approved … “These statements have during a courtesy visit by the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (PNFE) chairman and members of the Governor of. This exhibition and open confrontation as already Aluko (2000) found that those who know the law better programming and to environmental planning are the culprits. Thus the prosecutor the accused. Because of the claim to point out that the planning of the training consists of three components. Education, training and advancement of knowledge (Harris, 1983) In other words, it differs from other types of colleges can be the main objective education or the advancement of knowledge or a combination of both, but where the level of direct payments training a particular job is minimal. It should be noted that planning is a profession and clearly, even up to a large body of theory, knowledge, skills and technologies. Although parts of each of these aspects traditionally recognized by other professions and other disciplines, but the essence of city planning is that it combines them into a coherent whole (Harris 1983). It is this fact that the design makes it unique. In addition, it addresses issues that all of the physical environment, social and administrative. It is comprehensive and integrated in the inevitable ideological nature (Harris, 1983). This is a conflict resolution and is often influenced or manipulated by political forces. More important is his profession and a public, planners must necessarily be responsible for their work. In other words, they must be professionally qualified and rigorous procedures. A professional planner can contribute to sustainable development of our country by attacking a number of issues related to population growth, particularly in poor and developing countries and rapidly growing municipalities. For example, new housing developments require roads, sewers, fire service, schools, libraries and recreational facilities must be planned within budget constraints. It should be noted that there are the fastest growing employment in urban and regional planners in the private sector (Agbola, 2004), are mainly in the areas of professional services, science and technology. Here are planners of companies used to design security measures to help effectively, but also subtle and can blend into the environment. Apart from this, to promote better land use planner and a community resource for residential, commercial, institutional and recreational facilities. They are also with responsibility for issues of environment and health, economic and social development of our community as it grows and changes calculated over time. They should be involved in the formulation of plans for the construction of new school buildings for housing or other types of infrastructure. Planners can in making decisions about resource development and protection of ecologically sensitive areas to support. They should be effective in environmental issues, including environmental protection, conservation of wetlands, the conservation of forests and the establishment of new landfills to be involved. You should also be involved in drafting legislation on environmental, social and economic aspects such as planning new parks, housing the homeless, or make the region more attractive to corporate responsibility activities.In mentioned, that must be performed by a professional planner, he / she should also, and especially before preparing plans approach to community development and individual property, studies and reports on the current use of land for residential, commercial and community. You should be interested in information on the location and capacity of the roads, the lines of roads, airports, water and sewerage, schools, library facilities, cultural and leisure activities. You need data on a wide range of industries and activities in the community, population characteristics, employment and economic development of affected areas are available.

Although this information to optimize community involvement or participation of citizens, planners try to land use for different activities. You need to check and regularly check the functions of the land and building materials, taking into account the development or regulation. What must be done to ensure that these institutions are the needs of a growing or changing. You must keep up economic and moral issues involved in zoning codes, building codes and environmental regulations and ensure that builders and developers comply with these rules and regulations.

Recommendations for the future of the future of the professional planner

planners depend on the effective implementation of the facts presented in this document. In other words, the clearest lesson from this overview focuses on the ability of planners to make decisions and implement interventions care of a review of selected knowledge of the theories and practice many techniques and learned to be a disciplined approach to the adoption of best are for a specific client. The document is also that professional planners who are committed to a single theory and practice is a disservice to themselves and many of their customers do, they limit their range of effectiveness in an attempt to respond to all clients and problems in their chosen model. Planners must consider that the logic dictates that the opposite should be the case. Professional planners should interventions and techniques that best fit certain types of problems and choose clients.More important need, urban planners with a range of technical tools that are provided often used in connection with the effective planning.

Among other things, geographical information systems (GIS) are becoming increasingly important as a tool for decision making in the planning. (2007). (2007). . Chicago.