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SASOL, South Africa as a whole, oil from coal pioneer, achieved an important victory in the ADF 2010 Exhibition at the Ysterplaat Air Force Base, Cape Town, recently, when the first flights in the world with its internationally recognized, fully-synthetic jet fuel, landed there Shortly after the doors of the exhibition was opened.

The landmark flight started at Ysterplaat few hours earlier from Lanseria International Airport, both near Johannesburg and Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport in Nelspruit.

involved in the operation were three historic National Airways Corporation aircraft turbine flagship of the Hawker 4000 business jets, top-end Beech King Air 350i and have a craft with a state PAC750 of-the-art air monitoring system and a chartered Boeing 737-200, which were all use the first aircraft, 100% Sasol Synthetic Jet A-1.

This is the only fully synthetic fuel, which is a true “drop-in replacement for conventional fuels, which is approved worldwide for commercial use in all types of turbine aircraft. Jet A-1 fuel is used, produced using Sasol’s proprietary Fischer-Tropsch process, the liquid fuel from coal produced at its plant in synthetic fuel production at Secunda, South Africa.

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Although the 100% synthetic jet fuel still in the A-1 commercially available, has Sasol fuel since 1999, which provided a 50-50 mix of synthetic and conventional crude oil derivative Jeta-1 fuel in the country of the main entrance, the OR Tambo International Airport in nearby

Johannesburg.

AAD exhibition flights with 100% synthetic fuel for violations, was a complex process in receiving the Sasol worlds first official approval of a fully synthetic fuel in Issue 6 of the Standard Defence led 91-91 April 2008 published shortly by the inclusion in the United States, followed ASTM D1655-US jet fuel specifications.

Sasol is an integrated energy and chemical company, which is mainly in South Africa, where its history goes back to his beginnings in 1950.Sasol TODAY ‘hui in 38 countries, employs approximately 34,000 employees and is listed on the Johannesburg and New York scholarships.

Technology is the heart of Sasol, through its Fischer-Tropsch technology (FT) technology converts Sasol coal and natural gas into liquid fuels , fuel components and chemicals. Sasol Chemical manufacturing and marketing in South Africa, Europe, Asia and America, and coal mines in South Africa, extracts gas in Mozambique and oil

Gabon.

pioneering alternative fuels Jet

Although Sasol is concentrated on the production of chemicals, fuels and fuels for road transport of crude oil in the first four decades of existence, prompted a forecast in the mid-1990s of an impending shortage of fuel in today’s OR Tambo International Airport Sasol to explore options for production and certification of synthetic fuels.

Road transport fuel specifications may vary from one region to another, but the development of a viable alternative fuel for the aviation industry requires a drop-in alternative fuel to global acceptance and approval of all international actors.

In June 1996, Sasol initiated talks with the authorities of international specification, including the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the British Ministry of Defence (MoD). Between 1996 and 1998, Sasol in laboratory won conducted engine test work in Africa South and the United States to a better understanding, acceptance and use of a component-FT synthetic fuel demonstration of a maximum of 50 percent in volume when mixed with jet fuel crude oil derivatives.

In April 1998, Sasol first company received approval for the commercial use of a synthetic component of kerosene to 50% in a mixture of kerosene as a fuel Jet A-1. This authorization for the use of ISO-paraffinic kerosene (IPK), produced by the plant in Secunda, Sasol Synfuels, written in standard British Ministry of Defense Defense (DEFSTAN 91-91) was, Issue 3.The February 22, 1999 Sasol has history through the certification of the first batch of Sasol semi-synthetic jet fuel refinery made in Sasolburg Natref, and since then leave most of the planes OT Tambo International Airport, the jet fuel from Sasol semisynthetic have flown.

100% synthetic jet fuel

Between 2001 and 2007, Sasol work of exhaustive testing on blends of fuel flow potential of its synthetic fuels plant to obtain the official qualification of a synthetic fuel. In support of this objective, the prestigious Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, Texas, was commissioned and joint research report has been the Defense of the United Kingdom to approve submitted in December 2003 with the request for the use of fully synthetic jet fuel as a commercial fuel.

large car manufacturers needed additional engine tests, including an endurance test on a Pratt & Whitney JT-9D, before the final approval granted could be made. The endurance test of 250 hours in February 2006 carried out in the engine overhaul facilities for South African Airways in Johannesburg, the production of a special, two million liters of kerosene synthetic

Secunda.

Finally required , April 2008, the official approval of jet fuel fully synthetic Sasol plant in Secunda synthetic fuels was published in volume 6 of the Defence Standard 91-91.

After a short time after, the Sasol fully synthetic jet fuel was in the conditions U.S. jet fuel containing ASTM D1655.Sasols 100% Synthetic Jet A-1 of synthetic fuel has been approved for commercial use in all types of turbine aircraft in the U.S. (ASTM D1655) and the rest of the world (91-91 DEFSTAN ), and to this day remains the only fully synthetic fuel, which is a real alternative to conventional kerosene.

The fuel is fully fungible and the infrastructure of aviation today. It is compatible with the requirements of the jet engine and with existing conventional oil can be recovered jet used tanks.

Synthetic Jet A-1 Production

established Sasol in Secunda Synfuels, where he only commercial world, based on coal, synthetic fuels plants manufacturing plant . converts at high temperature Fischer-Tropsch (HTFT) process using the Sasol Advanced Synthol unique technology with a low carbon fuel (LPG, gasoline, kerosene and diesel) and chemicals. coal liquids (CTL) plant in Secunda produces around 160,000 barrels per day of Fischer-Tropsch products.

This device uses the Sasol fixed bed dry bottom gasification (BFD), transform coal synthesis gas. The Fischer-Tropsch process is the chemical reaction in which synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and is hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms (synfuels) converted catalyzed.

Fischer-Tropsch process may be due to low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (EÉBT) released HTFT or technology, with the main differences between the two processes are operating parameters, reactor type, the range of products and type of catalyst.

The range of raw materials through the process of Sasol Fischer-Tropsch process are first, coal (coal-to-liquids, CTL), natural on the other hand, gas (gas-to-liquids, GTL) or biomass (Biomass to Liquid .-, BTL) These materials can also be used in combination, as is done in the Synfuels’ Secunda plant, where coal and natural gas, the gases were used as raw material and since 2003, when the gas pipeline was commissioned from Mozambique to Secunda.

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hydrocarbon stream in the complex Synfuels separately, as certified in the No. 6 DEFSTAN 91-91, for use in mixture 100% Synthetic Jet A-1. The product was used in the first demonstration flight last month was mixed with two of these rivers. It was iso-paraffin, kerosene, delivered in the vernacular and in semi-synthetic mixtures using OR Tambo International Airport, and an aromatic stream with strong kerosene from coal-tar hydro-treated.

It is the power of the latter with a minimum of 8% aromatics and has a high density and swelling properties of rubber seals around the synthetic jet A-1 seamlessly compatible with conventional petroleum crude oil, Jet A-1. Part of the clean-burning natural fuel synthesis, resulting in lower emissions than conventional Jet A-1 shows, the synthetic product that was mentioned a lot better properties of thermal and oxidative stability than normal jet fuels. This is the development of more efficient engines could allow that at higher temperatures than today.

Alternative Jet Fuel Evolution

On the basis of two approvals Sasol synthetic fuel international pioneer mentioned above, and qualify with the reader through the world of alternative fuel for commercial purposes, the need for a protocol generic approval and specification for aviation fuel alternative has been identified by the aviation industry.

The approval process and qualification protocol that was developed by the industry to qualify during the search for seven years, 100% of Sasol’s synthetic fuel, has raised the bar for all future alternative fuel. It was then formalized and the ASTM D4054 specifications derived as “General guidelines for qualification and approval of new fuel and jet fuel additives.”

During the process of approving the first generic, five different mixtures of Fischer-Tropsch paraffin fuel synthetic mixed produce crude oil from Jet A, Jet A-1 or JP-8 fuel to semi-synthetic fuel, were evaluated. Sasol has provided three samples of synthetic kerosene, while other synthetic products was developed by Shell and Syntroleum. been

A report for the coordination of the Research Council in September 2008 prepared was concluded that the semi-synthetic fuel derived up to 50% by volume of synthetic kerosene paraffinic from synthesis gas via the FT process, compliance with certain characteristics, would fulfill its purpose. This proposal has been eleven years of commercial operation validated semi-synthetic jet fuel Sasol with iso-paraffin to be kerosene.

In September 2009 a (kerosene hydrocarbon resin-containing synthesis) new standard ASTM D7566 approved. This means that the synthetic FT derived fuel component of any CTL or GTL plant with up to 50% of the volume of crude oil from the fuel, it was the first generic approval for a kerosene component independently based on the production of the Sasol-developed protocol mixed.

Looking Forward

Sasol has actively participated in the changing landscape of jet fuel, paving the way for the registration and use of alternative fuels viable. It has opened up opportunities for Sasol also include kerosene in their product offering for the international market of the future of GTL and CTL plants.

The approval of synthetic fuels, without spices, as is the case with kerosene EÉBT, is under investigation by the international aviation industry and Sasol is part of this initiative. The challenge is the legacy of the aircraft still in use, the aromatic need to ensure swelling of elastomeric seals and allows the smooth operation of the fuel system.

and future aircraft are designed for use with aromatic fuels. The general classification of aromatic compounds synthesized as part of aviation fuel is now underway to allow for fully synthetic jet fuel EÉBT in the meantime.

Another issue that receives the focus of research is increasingly developing ways to use the carbon content of renewable fuel for reactors to help enhance the aviation industry to reduce their carbon footprint.

Since the pioneering role played so far in the Sasol jet fuel and spare parts with increased international attention to all synthetic fuels, including FT-based synthetic fuel jet, aviation fuel is an exciting place.

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