Sheri L. Miller-Williams and William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

Introduction

Systems thinking is a perspective view that helps the organizations events and trends in a new light and extended response. As language is systems thinking unique qualities that help organizations communicate its many systems. Systems thinking focuses on groups rather than coins, and emphasizes the role of the compounds, including the role we each play in the systems at work in our lives. It also highlights the feedback round instead of linear cause and effect (Pegasus Communications, 2009). In today’s schools, leaders have to work in the field of massive complexity unknown circumstances. Today’s leaders must employ to think differently about their organizations and ways to overcome the challenges set.

It is inadequate and often counter-productive, are merely for leaders as proper functioning of the machinery (Reed, 2006). Leaders must ensure that it is a process in which the engine works well. Leaders have a valuable service if they see a revered or process that had its day, or work as originally designed but against overall objective of the organization. Leaders sometimes forget that are created by individuals, based on an idea of what needs to happen at some point in time (Reed, 2006).

The sociologist Robert K. Merton coined the “goal displacement” term to describe what happens if compliance with bureaucratic procedures, the objective rather than focusing on the objectives and organizational values (Reed, 2006). If it assume a lack of systems, organizations, their own life, which tend to further disturbances and missing order. Because of their experience and position leaders are equipped with the authority to intervene and correct the problem or leave systems. At least they can for change in a way that the leaders represented in the lower position can not. Leaders at all levels should therefore be attentive driving behavior systems. Human hostile organizational effectiveness (Reed, 2006) The leader must therefore see the parties and all

In his book, organizational theory. Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives (1997). Mary Jo Hatch provides an introduction to systems theory is useful to think about organizations a point makes worth repeating: the language of simple machines creates blind spots when used as a metaphor for used human or social systems are human systems infinitely complex and dynamic. In other words, it can counter-productive to a complex dynamic social system (2006 Reed) as a simple machine. treat

Systems

how the human body, have parts, and parts affect the performance of the whole. All parties are interdependent. The liver acts and interacts with other internal organs, brain, heart, kidneys, etc. You can select parts to study individually, but because of the interactions, it makes little practical sense to stop there. Understanding the system is not aimed at the individual analysis. The key to understanding is therefore synthesis (Reed, 2006). The systems approach calls for the leader of a scheme, some of which are easy to identify other complex. Leaders must constantly focus on the whole rather than its parts. The systems thinker keeps the focus on the whole system and analysis of the results.

Systemic thinking is a holistic approach to analysis focuses on the components of a system of correlation and system performance over time and as part of a larger system. Systems thinking approach is in contrast to the traditional analysis, which studies the decomposition of systems into their individual components.

The systemic thinking can be used in any research and study, the medical, environmental, political, economic, human resources and education systems, used by many others. In systems thinking, the results of the system behavior against the impact of the strengthening and balancing process. A building process led to an increase in some components of the system. If the building is cleared by a balancing process, it ultimately leads to collapse. A balance is a process that tends to maintain the balance in a particular system (Pegasus Communications, 2009). could

purpose of the article

The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of systems of thought and propose two frameworks that work to support comprehensive school reform.

What is the Comprehensive School Reform

Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) focuses on the reorganization and renovation of schools, such as the implementation of a number of focused initiatives to improve contrast and potentially in schools uncoordinated. Schools in general, CSR efforts have targeted the need for reform and improvement. In most cases, schools that operate CRS worst schools with low student achievement. According to the latest data from the laboratory of educational development in South-West (SEDL), schools receive money to CSR models implemented by the SRFC average rate of 70% poverty. Moreover, almost 40% of schools receive funding for school improvement PRSC was 25 under Title I of the Regulations and% were identified as schools with low performance identified by national or local guidelines (SEDL, 2009). Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Act (ESEA) of 1965, which also aims to develop and improve educational opportunities in schools, poverty of the people, has provided a wealth of CSR efforts financing.

The U.S. Department of Education frameworks CSR eleven separate elements when applied consistently, is a “complete” and “scientific” approach to school reform More precisely, a CSR program.

Employment proven methods for student learning, teaching and school management, based on a scientific and effective practices that have been replicated successfully in schools

integration, teaching, assessment, classroom management, professional development, parental involvement and school management; offer teachers high quality and continuous staff development and professional training, measurable goals for academic achievement and provides benchmarks for achieving these goals; is supported by teachers, principals, administrators and other staff throughout the school, supporting teachers, principals, administrators and school staff through the creation of joint leadership and a broad base of responsibility for reform efforts;

Enter a sense of participation parents and the local community in the planning, implementation and evaluation of school improvement activities, the use of high quality external technical support and assistance of a company has the experience and know-how in the whole school reform and improvement, which may include higher education a plan for the annual assessment of the implementation of school reform and student results achieved, identify federal, countries, local and private financial and other resources to use the schools to receive services, support and the reform efforts of the school and meet can coordinate one of the following conditions: the program was found throughscientifically research base, marked improvement in academic performance of participating students, or the program was evidence that a significant increase to have the academic performance of participating children. (U.S. Department of Education / Comprehensive School Reform Guidance, p. 5)

Strategic planning . Through a Lens Systems Thinking Postmodernistic

certain strategic planning, where an organization is in the next year or more and pass as it is when a leader of the organization looks through a lens system is the strategic planning a new importance. In general, the systems of thought processes of an enterprise-wide, or focus on an important function as a department, a department or other important function. Most school directors and district administrators instinctively like the idea of strategic planning. Many jurisdictions, however, have no real understanding of what it is and what it requires. Strategic planning focuses on the organization of resources to each predetermined measurable results. Effective planning, this definition includes all the resources of the organization and purpose (Cook, Jr., 1988). There must be a deliberate and thoughtful (Peterson, 1989). Strategic planning can be built to influence human future. The act of planning means that schools are more than passive peasants in the hands of economic forces.

A strategic plan often begins with a mission statement. most districts and schools in the mission statement of the organization to build the leadership support. Both the process of the mission and vision serve as pillars of the school-wide systemic change. The strategic plan also spells out the objectives of the Borough and operations he wants to achieve, and what it does. It is recommended that participating schools and communities in the strategic planning process to important trends affecting the organization as a foundation to identify the strategic planning to start. Thomas Hart (1988) recommends the use of several to start small groups in planning. Within these groups, discuss, combine and prioritize their goals for the neighborhood. representative of each group report on the whole body, so that everyone shares a sense of cohesion and consensus. After the planning group has a degree of consensus, it can formulate its goals subcommittees release that objectives for each goal. you must specify whether the job should be done and who is responsible for completion.

The strategic plans are rule completely. In today’s schools, almost all principals school have their school teams through the process of creating campus improvement plans, who have a spin-off of strategic planning has become. These plans generally include everything essential to a school district or. Mission Strategic planning usually includes several important activities or process steps Different people often have different names for these important activities There are several ways to conduct more post-modern strategic planning. .. strategic analysis, strategy and action planning strategic analysis includes . an analysis or assessment of the total environment of the organization, this can include elements of the environment, including demography, changing social and economic forces, etc. Within this activity, there is an assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks;. Also, a SWOT Analysis

Another activity related to the way organizations plan to challenge known activity is carried out strategic sense. This activity includes assessing the state of the organization, including key challenges and opportunities. From there, the organization is prepared the strategic objectives and strategies set to achieve these goals in this process to achieve the objectives of the following criteria: … specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely manner, this process is also known as SMART goals

The last job in connection with the planning strategic planning of activities. action planning is about how the objectives will be achieved. This process includes specific objectives and results of organizations to manage the. In establishing an objective, is the method established to determine how the organization will be successful. The last stage of action planning is to time lines and define responsibilities with clear measures of progress against targets. Monitoring and evaluation during this activity

Baldridge Model :.. Apply realm of the senses to the strategic planning and systems process thinking

Baldridge, a process of continuous improvement that has been used in the industry, is named after the former Minister of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige is Baldridge criteria as a model for the development of quality business practices. In 1998, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award has been extended health, education and the demand for education has been developed, called Baldridge IBE (Baldridge in Education) .. Bie Baldridge criteria contains a framework within which local actors and communities take the lead in transforming their own education system. It allows them to school effectiveness to improve, in general, the use of resources and capabilities represents. A model for administrators, school boards, union leaders, businesses, teachers take, parents and students on the collective responsibility for implementing their own efforts to improve the basic objectives Baldridge. contribution to improving the educational performance practice, form the basis for self-and feedback process of continuous improvement, facilitating communication and exchange of best practices within and between departments state institutions for teaching education, districts, schools and classrooms, promoting partnerships between sectors and serve as a tool for educational performance, planning, training and improving. organizational assessment of the Baldridge model ((National Association of Elementary School, 2006), is divided into seven categories:

Organization / visionary leadership

Strategic targets and measures customer requirements (student and stakeholder focus) Information Analysis and Human Resource Focus Process Management School Results / learners oriented education

the six areas as the fundamental framework for systems thinking and strategic planning with the Baldridge Framework

The understanding of the ways of understanding the man with the six areas of Meaning is a guide for improving organizational efficiency and provides an excellent opportunity to increase student achievement in schools across the country, these six models are designated as follows:. symbolic, empirical, aesthetic, synnoetics, ethics and synoptics Each realm of the senses, and each its constituent kingdoms as may be described. Referring to his usual methods, leading ideas and structure features (Kritsonis, 2007)

Symbolics . Language Planning

Sat The first empire, symbolic, including the common language, mathematics and the different types of nondicursive symbolic forms such as ritual gestures, rhythmic patterns and principles, such as (Kritsonis, 2007). the art as a symbolic means move up expectations of communication rituals and routines, and with the power of language have the ability to do well. its campus until a few years, managers have begun to develop management teams, a core of staff to the program the key team members support the work of leading teams in other schools and, more generally, the symbolic nature of the principal. help those around him work, to school before going

empiricists. Knowledge as a strategic concept

The second area of empirical science of the physical world of animals and humans. These studies provide factual descriptions, generalizations, and theoretical formulations and explanations based on observation and experiment in the world of matter, life, mind and society ( Kritsonis, 2007). With the understanding of the empirical analysis are managers in a position to the parties involved about the need to change systematically as the efforts of school reform will affect the whole school. Principals that focusing on the development of systems processes, procedures and structures that work for students and more impact on the We have individual agendas, .. as a customer can demonstrate an acute accent on the best solutions for students, it is equally important for managers to their stakeholders with the knowledge, tools and should resources arm it under

aesthetics. The beauty in the strategic planning on learning-centered education and organizational and personal learning focus

Aesthetics, the third field is a branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste define (emphasis on the evaluation criteria to be applied to art). aesthetic contains various arts such as music, art, visual art movement and literature (Kritsonis, 2007). learning education is where the focus of education on learning and the real needs the students. The first is active student learning tailored to different species. Students participate in self-evaluation and monitoring personal progress. organizational and personal learning is the continuous improvement of existing methods and processes and adapt to change. Learning is in the organization integrated and encourages all teachers and students as authors and active participants.

Strategic planning is an art form. principals to meet and make use of the process of strategic planning, stakeholders a roadmap for comprehensive school reform. It is only by the to achieve beauty of seeing a plan and the impact on the lives of students, is the power of labor real-time for the parties. directors that this art is usually more successful control in the overall management of the school reform efforts. This explains why some principles able to turn around schools in difficulty, while others can not

The Kingdom Synnoetics. Valuing relationships with faculty, staff and partners

interpersonal skills, planning skills, observation skills training and skills in research and .. Review with the fourth kingdom aligned synnoetics Synnoetics embraces “personal knowledge” and means “relational knowledge” means the sympathy or feeling, this knowledge personal or relational is concrete, direct and existential (Kritsonis, 2007) evaluation of faculty, staff and; . partner, the practice of creating two internal and external partnerships that reach to the common goal of global learning and investment is made, knowledge, skills and motivation of faculty, staff and students

interpersonal to obtain individual skills are important to the success of the state to develop as a market leader. these skills confidence, increase motivation, provide empowerment and the strengthening of collegiality. During the strategic planning process, the promotion of collegiality, sharing, cooperation, and cooperation are essential to work. planning with clear identification of goals or visions, and the cause of commitment and enthusiasm, and ongoing assessment, what changes need to occur

ethics. barometer moral or organizational development

The Kingdom

fifth, ethics, including moral meaning, that the obligation to express, rather than fact, as a perception or awareness of the relationship (Kritsonis, 2007). A list of competencies recommended for Directors of the National Association of Secondary School Principals working group includes problem analysis, organizational skills, decision making, communication skills, resilience NASSP has developed a statement of ethics for a principal who recognizes the important role of professional leadership in school and community, he said .. “Manager a vision must. and the values they can use to transform and revive the atmosphere of a school, according to the Office of Educational Research and Improvement of Primary Selection Guide “(1987, p.11) They must be determined, creative and enthusiastic – eager and able to problem and seek opportunities their school communities to inspire positive change. Growth must be achieved by strengthening rather than coercion, to delegate, the capacity of the other runs and promoting risk education (Dufour and Eaker, 1987) are achieved. The Principal should be a catalyst and advocate of school improvement

Synoptic . Reveal visionary leadership and choice for all involved

The Kingdom of the sixth, synoptic, refers to meanings that global integration. historical interpretation contains a recreation of the artistic past, in obedience to the evidence to reveal what focus made the man by his conscious decision even in the context of his situation (Kritsonis, 2007). To ensure that schools can in a systematic improvement, must the managers to their stakeholders decisions through self-empowerment arm. Regarding recovery artistic past and obedience to evidence need to avoid Manager fragmentation and conflict and the focus is on ways of coherence, evaluation and improvement.

Visionary Leadership communication and clear direction and visible, and high expectations in a student-centered, learning-centered environment. There is a visible commitment to continuous improvement and modeling of continuous improvement principles and practices.

Conclusion

trailing the two kinds of knowledge through the Realm of the Senses (Kritsonis, 2007) and the model Baldridge, a structured model for excellence. Baldrige criteria are generally as a framework for understanding, evaluating and improving their businesses or schools. Without a framework schools will continue to see school reform difficult to achieve. The six areas of direction and approach Baldridge offer a way of whole school reform Clock.

REFERENCES

full of school reform (2009) accessed 4 July 2009 on the website of the Southwest Educational Development Laboratory.

Cook, WJ, Jr. (1988 ) Strategic Planning Bill Cook for schools in America

Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators ..

DUFOUR, R., & Eaker, R. (1987, September) The Chief Moderator. Two large

Tasks NASSP BULLETIN, 71 (500), 80 to 89

Hart, TE (1997 …) a long-term planning. School districts prepare for the future Eugene, OR: Oregon School Study Council ..

Hatch, MJ (1997) Organizational Theory Oxford: Oxford University Press …

Kritsonis, W. (2007) Ways of knowing through the realm of the senses Houston, TX: National Forum magazines ..

Peterson, D. (1989) .. Strategic Planning Retrieved on July 4, 2009, from ERIC Digest Web site: .. http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9213/planning.htm

Reed, G. (2006) Leadership and systems thinking Accessed 4 July 2009 by Defense AT & L Site: http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dau/dau / ree_mj06.pdf ..

U.S. Department of Education (e) complete 4th school reform Retrieved July 2009, the Comprehensive School Reform Program Website Guidance: .. tth: / / www.ed.gov / offices / eye / compreform / guidance2000.html

What systems thinking is Accessed 4 July 2009 on the site of Pegasus Communications:

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