Used

mainstream programs in some countries it is broadcast on mainstream radio stations to their joint FTA satellite channels. More specifically, in the German speaking countries, most of the major terrestrial broadcasters such as ARD provides the first, ZDF, ORF and FTA satellite programming, such as some satellite competitors like the latest Sat.1, 3sat and RTL. The satellite on which these channels, the Astra 19.2 East, are permitted in most parts of Europe.
In the United Kingdom, all five terrestrial channels, BBC One, BBC Two ITV1, Channel 4, Five and satellite digital television via FTA, in any form, including many regional differences. In some countries this is not the norm for traditional channels of satellite television ETS.

Ethnic and religious programming are FTA receivers sold in the U.S. and Canada to see a chain-air satellite free-to-air, most of which are on Galaxy 19 (97W, Ku are-band). There is also a considerable amount of emissions on the basis of Christian values on several satellites at once in North America and Europe, such as The God Channel, JCTV, and EWTN 3ABN.

PBS Educational Programming Satellite Service offers educational programs on the DVB Ku-band satellite, AMC-21 (125W). Since there are no MPEG audio standard on most of these channels, AC3 streams require only a Dolby Digital output. You are free. Channels include PBS-HD/PBS-X and various high school programs are usually carried out on sub-channels of the digital terrestrial broadcaster PBS members.
The main PBS New York power is not the version of Free-Air Satellite Services to pay local PBS stations earthly members the opportunity to broadcast material before it is on PBS or PBS-HD-X. Generally carried out PBS-X programs RSS (unless new) one day later than the PBS mainland.

made Terrestrial broadcasters U.S. Many of these channels of programming of large chain-TV network affiliates.
Equity Broadcasting a Ku-band (18 Galaxy 123W) and a power of C-band satellite used as a key element of their investment central casting operation, and many small local stations UHF fed free a central point from Little Rock, Arkansas Satellite -to-air. Most were members of the secondary terrestrial networks, including the United States in English and Spanish language broadcasters and the content of satellite channel often fed by air-sub-channel digital terrestrial transmitters. Programming such as network television or Retro Retro Jams had on several occasions, broadcasters and music video Mas Msica The Tube 123W were previously intended for disposal before they accept (Mas Msica now MTV3) or the cessation of operations.
In plain Ku-band satellite television was also temporarily as a result of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, used as a way of programming at NBC in New Orleans feed from the studios of an out-of-state transmitter feed content from content , branding and identification of the station in New Orleans in a form suitable for direct feed damage to a station (no treatment studio below) in the target market.
Ironically, many local stations owned shares UHF solid national coverage of satellite, despite limited space LPTV country that hardly covers their communities of origin par. In many cases this is smaller networks and broadcast in Spanish communities that would otherwise not have free access to that content.
As the market for these statistics television companies such as Nielsen Media Research are significantly underestimated on counting viewers in the area of the corresponding signal to the country, the ratings or not estimate the number of households that programming such as satellite Univisin FTA feeds. The liquidation group station Equity Broadcasting in mid-2009, the number of U.S. ground stations are available from the Ku-band satellite reduces free to air, while a small handful of uplink earth stations available (especially C-band antenna, which requires a lot more) are other independent sources.
rural and hobby use is
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Over-the-air digital television signals to reach very far outside the city in which they are transferred. FTA receivers in rural areas can be used more as a fairly reliable source for television without logging on cable or satellite provider.
Terrestrial broadcasters a part of nearly 30 satellites that used in North America, their food for internal purposes. These currents can then be received by anyone with encrypted to the decoder. Reception of satellite signals are usually beyond the reach of radio. DXers and FTA receiver for wild feeds many who observed on many of these satellites.
In theory, an observer in Glendive, Montana (the smallest of the North American television) might have received this, small local CBS and NBC programming is available for commercial terrestrial along a Ku-band free-to-air plate other networks (such as various ABC and Fox TV affiliates to 123W) and education programming (PBS Satellite Service 125W). Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that all programs are available or individual free trade agreements that those who remain to spread in a compatible format on – in this example, would lose a viewer, ABC and Fox in mid-2009 due to Bankruptcy Equity.

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The enormous popularity of FTA receivers is partly due to the same technology from Echostar Dish Network and BCE Bell TV is used. Hackers are often able to reverse engineer the software and add the necessary code to enable unauthorized reception of all channels from Dish Network, including movies and pay-per-view offering. Manufacturers, importers and distributors of FTA receivers tolerate this practice, and some people will not believe it to sell to help with their products for this purpose. With third-party software voids usually no guarantee. Most manufacturers are in court FTA Dish Network and / or federal authorities, see below Legal News
Unlike traditional methods of pirate decryption that involve altered smart cards with satellite receivers manufactured and distributed by the provider, piracy FTA receivers require only a firmware update to the receiver. Wider measures, disable the electronic access cards no effect on FTA receivers, because they probably will not be updated remotely. The firmware in the receivers even by malicious code, satellite receivers, which are the suppliers, can be replaced. The recipients also have the advantage of being able to program multiple vendors more legitimate DVB free-to-air, not being part of a package with a capacity value that is conspicuously absent from most of the recipients received the package of DBS provider sells . DVB-S is an international standard and therefore the restriction by the industry as a TV-Bell is not an antenna of the network (the same box) are interchangeable and not imposed interchangeable with GlobeCast World TV receivers (also DVB) is an artificial by the suppliers and the failure to create a pirate or legitimate in the light of FTA viewers.
At regular intervals, a provider of change processes in which their encryption information is sent. If this happens, the release a third version of the encoder software update last FTA receiver on dozens of forums on the Internet. This occurs usually performed within hours to days after the resistance measure, although some measures remain cons-secure encryption, as long as several months have. Receiver, meanwhile is still in a position to unencrypted broadcasts and DVB-S (for some models receive HDTV) ATSC programming. The same does not apply to the standard of TV subscription, and you log out of a package of pay-TV to a loss of all channels. The encryption is currently used by Bell TV and Dish Network has proven fragile UN since June 2009. That made all the FTA receiver in the following section mentioned unnecessary manufacturer Bell ExpressVu or Dish Network call programs. Anyone who tries to have a solution for this problem, in court, before many jail time and thousands of dollars in fines.
The renewable security allows sellers Send new smart cards to all subscribers of the existing systems of encryption compromise (like Nagravision 1 and 2) by new projects (now replaced Nagravision 3). These swap “map” process may offer pay-TV operator with some effective control on the decoding Pirates, but replaced at the cost of subscription cards in all existing recipients. Although this approach is used by most manufacturers tend deployments to be slow because of the cost.
While the smart card piracy, often with people who have access to maps have re-program other (usually for a price), piracy of FTA receiver with third-party software to upload relatively easily to the recipient and can even be transferred via a USB device, network or serial port (a process, “Flash”). Most of the firmware is free on the Internet. Third party sites that use the programmer to use this software often somewhere between 50,000 to over 200,000 registered users.
other pirate decryption method that has recently become popular as the Internet Key is known Sharing (ICS). This is achieved by an Ethernet cable connected to the receiver that updates decryption key to the unit can be fed directly through the Internet enables accomplished. The DVB-S Common Scrambling and Conditional Access systems are based, are based supports to decrypt a channel to a receiver to use a smart card that generates a reasonably continuous stream of cryptographic keys used. A central system sharing works by redistributing the keys in real time to multiple recipients in an unlimited number of sites, so that a valid smart card can serve many viewers.
In June 2009 [last day] This was the only active system compromised decryption pirates still widespread use of satellite television in North America due to the shutdown Nagravision 2 from providers such as Dish Network and Bell TV.
However, it is limited by the range of keystream or also known as CW (Control Word). Normally, the interval for the renewal of the CFS 10 seconds, but other systems (ie NDS3) have CW intervals of 5 seconds or less. Each channel usually has a different set of SP to decrypt and thus each field have to watch a particular channel at regular intervals, the current request from the server SP / smart-card intended for the station. So well, the replacement of the card can not be unlimited. There are some restrictions, the frequency changes and the CW network latency. If the SP does not arrive in time, it could freeze or crack in a picture.
are of course other more expensive options such as multiple cards with a few legitimately subscribed channels and a cache server, CW.
dependence on an external server also potentially endangers the privacy of individual viewers and make the system compatible with many models that are not received, the ability to connect to an external network and / or lack the ability to set or change different keys or identifiers in the communication between the card and receiver used.

The common features installation installation menu menu

This is the main control panel that the user to configure the receiver to interact with LNB, switches, motors and other devices. The user selects the LNB type, frequency of the local oscillator, the appropriate port DiSEqC switch and engine configuration. If all settings are correct for the appropriate equipment, a bar indicating signal strength and quality display. At this time, the recipient can use to scan the satellite, the channels are visible.
FTA receiver scans all the transponders on the satellite channels seen.

Blind Scan ago 63 satellites in orbit above the North and South America, 57 in Europe and 64 more in Asia, a considerable number of them receive a specific site. Everyone has a different number of active transponders. Each transponder uses a different frequency and symbol rate. Many FTA receivers are visible for each active transponders and channels on all transponders. Because they are intended, these are pre-programmed without the transponder information for each satellite, a process known as “non-blind” scan as opposed to a satellite scan that the analysis of transponder prescribed values.
Channel Master by SharpC created is a popular software for editing strings.
Edit Channel sorting /
Once the scan is complete, the channels can often sorted alphabetically satellite / transponder to, or scrambled / clear in order. In addition, third-party software is often an option allows for sorting channel Station ID (SID) No. It is such that individual channels can be numbered to the programming from Dish Network or Bell TV will imitate. Channels can be renamed or deleted, or in a menu screen or with external software.
most popular software to configure and order the channel is a database program called Channel Master, the user name, allows sorting number, and delete channels and store them in a format that can then be written to the recipients. The created file contains the information channel is known as a channel list. Receiver models, many older and discontinued operations are in the master channel does not support while most of the latest and most popular are the ones no less.
the user settings />
In general, accept most of the FTA receiver, a video stream in MPEG-2 PAL compatible (540/704/720 x 576) or compatible NTSC (640 x 480) image formats and convert them for display on either PAL or NTSC monitor. There are some data loss due to the low resolution of NTSC. Some receivers also support output SCART, S-video or component.

Parental Controls all FTA receivers include a child lock.
DiSEqC switch and motor control
Unlike receptors package for use with a limited number of the satellite launched with a specific provider of pay-TV, an FTA receiver is designed to allow for the reception of signals available free from all visible satellites at a given location. fully exploit this capability, which can most FTA Receiver Ku-band DiSEqC motor control, one court show turn any number of satellites. to receive
Another approach with the goal of a fixed antenna (or LNB) to each satellite (at the time of the performance of individual signals in a remote switch) is compatible with standard FTA receiver, and most pay- TV-restricted-receiver package. is the most widely used standard for use with FTA receivers a DiSEqC switch usually allows the automatic selection of the signal from four satellites. A simple two-position switch remotely controlled by a sound 22 kHz operation is sometimes also used for the North American Home, but this configuration is not compatible with European-style universal LNB, with the internal sound band circuit.
A Toroidal antenna can be used with multiple LNB to several satellites in different positions on a sheet of 40 receive. Other than the single dish of a standard satellite (which is best suited to the tone of a target satellite with a single point), uses a pair of toroidal reflector antenna to multiple signals on a focusing line.
adjacent pairs or individually, almost adjacent (as in 97W and 101W Glory Star) can be received, which seems due to their proximity, with two LNB was to be in conflict with a geometrically flat parabolic standard. The results of this different LNB can be powered by a switch to a receiver with power, so you can access to access to all signals from both satellites.
Electronic Program Guide
a program schedule on the screen that contains descriptive information about a selected program. The availability and quality of the program guide information varies considerably among promoters (to collect some of which do nothing), and the ability of the receiver and store listings from multiple sources guide is also variable. recipients with more memory (or storage on external devices such as hard drives) are often but not always, save better equipped and retrieve program listings screen does not, in some cases, a receiver with two tuners, satellite and terrestrial on-screen guide support for an operation, but. /> both.

Some receivers, such as Triple Dragon or Dream Multimedia Dreambox series based on Linux, the local network interfaces. This allows the use of network-attached storage to offer PVR-like (some of these models also include internal hard drives or USB) and the camera can be controlled or updated over the network.
Using maps from the PC desktop, in DVB-S or terrestrial digital TV tuner allows you to deploy your hard disk and network storage used to store program guide information and electronic emissions recorded TV. Most or all of the basic PVR functionality comes standard

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Most types of FTA receiver DVB-S, received MPEG-2, 480i or 576i SDTV clear from the satellite in the Ku-Band QPSK.
rarely supported by receptor FTA stand-alone, but can be supported DVB-S FTA tuner for PCs, MPEG-4 and MPEG-2 4:2:2, variants of the algorithm, the MPEG compression compression offer more and more color resolution. As a PC to a large part of the video decompression in the software, any codec can be easily replaced on the desktop.
The HDTV will be gradually now supported by a limited number of de- High-end receivers, at least one high-end standalone receiver supports (Quali-TV 1080IR) two 4:2:2 and HDTV.
04:02:02 ET version of the MPEG-2 compression used in the flow network such as NBC on Ku-band (103W). 4:02:02 Some networks use broadcast encoding for transmission in the clear beyond sporting events on local terrestrial stations, as it represents a slightly better color than the standard compression 04:02:00.
In some cases, support for additional standards (eg DVB-S2, 8PSK and MPEG-4) will also be necessary to get a visible signal. The use of new means of modulation and compression can more frequently for high-definition television food partially offset larger amount of transponder space on high-definition video to TV stations provide.

terrestrial DTV in the country with the DVB-T and DVB-C standards digital terrestrial TV and digital cable receivers offer some upscale option to install a DVB terrestrial tuner, available either alongside or in place of the tuner DVB-S. Dream Multimedia Dreambox series, for example, supports this in a few selected models.
In countries with terrestrial ATSC tuner reception in DVB-S FTA is rare, with one important exception. Some HDTV receivers FTA incorporate terrestrial ATSC tuners. This is generally not supported major.minor single digital ATSC subchannel numbering or the program guide on the screen, but are able to show (or timeshift) Local HDTV without any loss of detail. chains of these receptors are numbered with the FTA, the first channel on the channel frequently arbitrarily as the number one channel virtuel.HDTV

A few high-end HDTV receiver function. In North America, they often also an on-air ATSC digital TV and MPEG-4 support. A few HDTV units allow the addition of a UHF remote control. However, an 8PSK module may be used instead of the UHF remote control to be installed and allows the recipient to decode the format used for most of the Dish Network high-definition programming.
These units are better than DVD recorders for time-shifting HDTV programming, how to convert the majority of DVD devices for OTA HDTV signals to standard definition to meet the limits of standard DVDs. An HDTV receiver with ATSC FTA USB storage and can be a channel from a transport Stream recording digital terrestrial or satellite without any losses, even though the on-screen guide for terrestrial reception is often limited and display or storage of NTSC analog channels is not supporté.Controverse

availability of free programming
While significant amounts of programming are free, there is no insurance for all television viewers that the individual programs that are currently not available for free air. Some inevitably incompatible formats signal (shift, such as MPEG 4:2:2, 8PSK DVB-S2 and MPEG-4), the change from free to encrypted, to the locations of the various satellites (often preceded by the bands in which the C-band receive antenna requires a lot more) or permanently.
It is for providers voluntarily given receiver every time she’s free with the program listings Trading is currently available for marketing that can occur often free channels to move and often disappear on a permanent basis and without prior notice. For example, in North America was the fairness in broadcasting, once an important source of small local channels on satellite TV for free. Equity has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on December 9, 2008, and most terrestrial stations have equity at an auction in mid-2009 was sold. How many Web sites (such as New York and were WNGS WNYI) sold to Daystar and now does not matter, only signals corresponding to free-to-air (Galaxy 123W 18 are not). Even if a signal exists, a signal compatible format as the NBC Feeds (AMC 1 at 103W requires 8PSK DVB-S2 now receive HDTV support and nothing) can remove a channel from virtually all standard FTA receiver.

receiver obsolescence Many receivers offer options for the expansion of the material (such as add or receive 8PSK DVB Common Interface passes TV) and firmware development level (either formally or nominally third sources). support in most cases, if the model of individual recipients is interrupted, and scalability quickly disappears from all sources. The migration flows to existing formats such as MPEG-4 HDTV or DVB-S2 (which many current receivers not supported) can also cause the loss of viewers that the existing programs for free, as of date the equipment quickly. In contrast to terrestrial digital set-top boxes, has the most standard definition DVB-S not to convert to HD programming, and thus do not produce usable video signal.
There were also incidents where the existing receiver designs have been “cloned” or copied by rival manufacturers, is a manufacturer often reduce support for the receiver design widely copied. In some cases, the malware has been released, apparently in the same format as existing third-party firmware in a trial with the subsequent use the pattern of a particular receptor cloned interfere.

Terms FTA receivers are supposedly designed for free-to-air, but can be adapted for other purposes. In some jurisdictions cause such dual-use problems . So, the fight against piracy involving FTA receivers has been difficult using legal means.
In July 2007, filed a lawsuit against EchoStar Viewtech, an Oceanside, Calif., importer of the popular Viewsat brand, according to the Viewtech done intentionally, allows engineers, the third party software, unauthorized access to Dish Network allowed to write programming. Among the reasons given in the study to support this claim is the fact that shortly after a judicial, “the channels freely offer the same type of popular programming languages is found in packages of TV to air